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Configure and customize Fastly

You can configure Fastly by using API calls or through the Fastly Web Interface. Fastly provides a Fastly CLI for configuring Fastly through its API.

Ibexa Cloud is delivered with Fastly preconfigured. It means that you don't have to do any changes to the Fastly configuration to make your site work. The information provided here is only applicable if you want to change the default Fastly configuration on Ibexa Cloud, or if you are not using Ibexa Cloud and want to configure Fastly to work with Ibexa DXP on premise.

The Fastly Web Interface is not available for Ibexa Cloud

It's recommend for Ibexa Cloud customers to use the Fastly CLI instead of using the Fastly API directly with curl, and so on.

Disable Varnish when you use Fastly

Varnish is automatically provisioned on Ibexa Cloud. Varnish needs to be disabled on all environments that use Fastly. See documentation on how to do that.

Prepare for using Fastly locally

These steps are not needed when you use Ibexa Cloud, because Fastly is preconfigured in it.

Get Fastly credentials from Ibexa Cloud installation

To use Fastly CLI or Fastly API directly, you need to obtain the credentials for your site. To obtain the credentials, connect to your Fastly-enabled environment (for example, production or staging) through SSH and run the following command:

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declare|grep FASTLY
FASTLY_KEY=...
FASTLY_SERVICE_ID=...

These credentials are different for your production and staging environments. When you configure the Fastly CLI, use the credentials for the environment that you want to change.

Different environment variable names between products

When you configure Fastly CLI, you use the FASTLY_API_TOKEN variable to store the token, while with Ibexa DXP you use FASTLY_KEY for the same purpose.

Quickly configure Fastly for use with Ibexa DXP

Use the commands below to install VCL configuration required for running Fastly with Ibexa DXP. You also need to set up domains, HTTPS and origin configuration (not covered here). All commands are explained in detail below:

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fastly vcl custom create --name=ez_main.vcl --version=active --autoclone --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/ --version=latest --main
fastly vcl custom create --name=ez_user_hash.vcl --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/ez_user_hash.vcl --version=latest
fastly vcl snippet create --name="Re-Enable shielding on restart" --version=latest --priority 100 --type recv --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/snippet_re_enable_shielding.vcl
fastly service-version activate --version=latest

Quick introduction to Fastly CLI

Fastly configuration is versioned, which means that when you alter the configuration, you create a new version and activate it. If needed, you can revert the configuration to one of previous versions at any point.

List configuration versions

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fastly service-version list
NUMBER  ACTIVE  LAST EDITED (UTC)
1       false   2023-07-03 10:01
2       false   2023-07-03 10:35
3       false   2023-07-03 11:00
4       false   2023-07-03 11:28
5       false   2023-07-03 10:58
6       false   2023-07-03 11:59
7       false   2023-07-03 12:13
8       true    2023-07-03 12:13

In the example above, version 8 is used (ACTIVE=true).

Create new configuration version

A version that is ACTIVE cannot be modified. To change the configuration, you need to create a new version:

Clone the current active version:

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fastly service-version clone --version=active

Clone a particular version:

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fastly service-version clone --version=4

Clone the newest version:

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fastly service-version clone --version=latest

Command parameters

Most Fastly CLI commands have the --version parameter. In addition to a specific version number, the --version parameter always supports aliases like active and latest.

Most Fastly CLI commands that alter the config also support the --autoclone parameter. With such commands, when you use the --autoclone parameter, calling fastly service-version clone is no longer needed.

Activate version

Activate a version with this command:

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fastly service-version activate --version=latest

View and modify VCL configuration

Fastly configuration is stored in Varnish Configuration Language (VCL) files. You can change the behaviour of Fastly by uploading custom VCL files. Ibexa DXP ships with two VCL files that need to be enabled for Fastly to work correctly with the platform; ez_main.vcl and ez_user_hash.vcl (located in vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/)

List custom .vcl files for specific version

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fastly vcl custom list --version 77
SERVICE ID              VERSION  NAME              MAIN
4SEKDky8P3wdrctwZCi1C1  77       ez_main.vcl       true
4SEKDky8P3wdrctwZCi1C1  77       ez_user_hash.vcl  false

Get ez_main.vcl for specific version

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fastly vcl custom describe --name=ez_main.vcl --version=77

Service ID: 4SEKDky8P3wdrctwZCi1C1
Service Version: 77

Name: ez_main.vcl
Main: true
Content:

include "ez_user_hash.vcl"

sub vcl_recv {
(....)

Provide description for specific version

For each version, you can provide a description that explains what changed in that version:

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fastly service-version update --version=52 --comment="Added support for basic-auth on the staging domain"

List descriptions for all versions

You can list the descriptions by adding the --verbose (-v) option to the service-version list command:

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fastly service-version list -v

Fastly API token provided via FASTLY_API_TOKEN
Fastly API endpoint: https://api.fastly.com
Service ID (via FASTLY_SERVICE_ID): KlUh0J1fnw1JY1aEQ0up

Versions: 8
        Version 1/8
                Number: 1
                Comment: Initial config
                Service ID: KlUh0J1fnw1JY1aEQ0up
                Active: false
                Locked: true
                Deployed: false
                Staging: false
                Testing: false
                Created (UTC): 2023-07-03 08:50
                Last edited (UTC): 2023-07-03 10:01
        Version 2/8
                Number: 2
                Comment: Fixed name of origin
                Service ID: KlUh0J1fnw1JY1aEQ0up
                Active: false
                Locked: true
                Deployed: false
                Staging: false
                Testing: false
                Created (UTC): 2023-07-03 10:01
                Last edited (UTC): 2023-07-03 10:35
        (...)

Modify Fastly configuration

You can modify the existing Fastly configuration, for example, by uploading a modified .vcl file.

Create a new version based on the one that is currently active, and upload the file:

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fastly vcl custom update --name=ez_main.vcl --version=active --autoclone --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/ez_main.vcl

Provide a description of the change in Fastly's version system:

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fastly service-version update --version=latest --comment="Added feature X"

Activate the new version:

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fastly service-version activate --version=latest

Snippets

You can also add VCL code to the Fastly configuration without modifying the custom .vcl files directly. You do it by creating snippets. It is recommended that you use snippets instead of changing the VCL files provided by Ibexa DXP as much as possible, which makes it easier to upgrade the Ibexa DXP VCL configuration later.

When you use snippets, the snippet code is injected into the VCL where the #FASTLY ... macros are placed. For example, if you create a snippet for the recv subroutine, it is injected into the ez_main.vcl file, the line where #FASTLY recv is found.

List available snippets for specific version

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fastly vcl snippet list --version=active
SERVICE ID              VERSION  NAME                            DYNAMIC  SNIPPET ID
KlUh0J1fnw1JY1aEQ0up    8        Re-Enable shielding on restart  false    1iJWIfsPLNGxcphsjggq

Note

As of version 3.3.24, 4.1.6 and 4.2.0, Ibexa DXP also requires one snippet to be installed, in addition to the custom VCLs ez_main.vcl and ez_user_hash.vcl. That snippet is by default named Re-Enable shielding on restart.

Get details of installed snippets

Use the vcl snippet list command with the --verbose option to get information such as: priority, which subroutine it is attached to (vcl_recv, vcl_fetch etc.) and the code itself.

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fastly vcl snippet list --version=active -v
Fastly API token provided via FASTLY_API_TOKEN
Fastly API endpoint: https://api.fastly.com
Service ID (via FASTLY_SERVICE_ID): [....]

Service Version: 8

Name: Re-Enable shielding on restart
ID: 1iJWIfsPLNGxcphsjggq
Priority: 100
Dynamic: false
Type: recv
Content:
// This code should be added as a snippet in your config:
//  Name: Re-Enable shielding on restart
//  Priority: 100
//  Type: recv
//
// Fastly CLI:
// - fastly vcl snippet create --name="Re-Enable shielding on restart" --version=active --autoclone --priority 100 --type recv --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/snippet_re_enable_shielding.vcl
// - fastly service-version activate --version=latest


set var.fastly_req_do_shield = (req.restarts <= 2);

# set var.fastly_req_do_shield = (req.restarts > 0 && req.http.accept == "application/vnd.fos.user-context-hash");
set req.http.X-Snippet-Loaded = "v1";


Created at: 2022-06-23 10:55:34 +0000 UTC
Updated at: 2022-06-23 12:24:48 +0000 UTC

You can also get the same details for a particular snippet using the vcl snippet describe command.

Get specific snippet

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fastly vcl snippet describe --name="Re-Enable shielding on restart" --version=latest

Create snippet

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fastly vcl snippet create --name="Re-Enable shielding on restart" --version=active --autoclone --priority 100 --type recv --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/snippet_re_enable_shielding.vcl
fastly service-version activate --version=latest

Update existing snippet

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fastly vcl snippet update --name="Re-Enable shielding on restart" --version=active --autoclone --priority 100 --type recv --content=vendor/ibexa/fastly/fastly/snippet_re_enable_shielding.vcl
fastly service-version activate --version=latest

Delete snippet

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fastly vcl snippet delete --name="Re-Enable shielding on restart" --version=active --autoclone
fastly service-version activate --version=latest

Get diff between two versions

You can easily view the diff between two different versions by using the Fastly web interface. Unfortunately, Fastly CLI does not support this functionality. However, Fastly API and GNU diff can help you get an identical result.

Use the Fastly API to download the generated .vcl file. It includes the VCL configuration that Fastly generates based on all the configuration settings (from all custom .vcl files, snippets, and origin configuration).

The example below extracts the generated VCL for version no. 11 of some service:

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curl -i "https://api.fastly.com/service/[FASTLY_SERVICE_ID]/version/11/generated_vcl" -H "Fastly-Key: [FASTLY_API_TOKEN]" -H "Accept: application/json" > generated_vcl_11_raw
cp generated_vcl_11_raw generated_vcl_11_json_only

Next, you need to edit generated_vcl_11_json_only in your favourite editor, remove anything before the json data and save. Then, follow the same steps again for version no. 12 (or whatever version you want to diff version 11 against).

Then replace \n in the files to get human-readable diffs:

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cat generated_vcl_11_json_only |jq .content|perl -pe 's/\\n/\n/g' > generated_vcl_11_json_done
cat generated_vcl_12_json_only |jq .content|perl -pe 's/\\n/\n/g' > generated_vcl_12_json_done

Finally, you can use GNU diff to get a readable diff of the two versions:

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diff -ruN generated_vcl_11_json_done generated_vcl_12_json_done

Enable basic-auth on Fastly

To enable basic-auth, use Fastly documentation as an example.

Follow the steps below.

Usernames and passwords can be stored inside the VCL file, but in this case credentials are stored in a dictionary.

Note

To make this example work, you must run Ibexa DXP in version 3.3.16 or later, or 4.5.

Create and activate dictionary

Fastly configuration includes a dictionary named basicauth. Using a dictionary instead of storing usernames directly in a .vcl file is beneficial, because you can add or remove records without having to create and activate new configuration versions.

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fastly dictionary create --version=active --autoclone --name=basicauth
fastly service-version activate --version=latest

Get dictionary ID

To add users to the dictionary, first get the dictionary ID.

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fastly dictionary list --version=active

Service ID: KlUh0J1fnw1JY1aEQ0up
Version: 3
ID: ltC6Rg4pqw4qaNKF5tEW
Name: basicauth
Write Only: false
Created (UTC): 2023-07-03 10:33
Last edited (UTC): 2023-07-03 10:33

In the example above, the ID is ltC6Rg4pqw4qaNKF5tEW.

Create record in dictionary

Add username and password to the dictionary:

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fastly dictionary-entry create --dictionary-id=ltC6Rg4pqw4qaNKF5tEW --key=user1 --value=foobar1

List dictionary records

You can list the records from a dictionary by using the following command:

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fastly dictionary-entry list --dictionary-id=ltC6Rg4pqw4qaNKF5tEW33

Now your dictionary stores new username and password. The next thing to do is to alter the Fastly VCL configuration and add the basic-auth support. This example uses snippets, so that no changes are needed in the .vcl files that are shipped with Ibexa DXP. You need two snippets, store these as files in your system:

In snippet_basic_auth_error.vcl:

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// This code should be added as a snippet in your config:
//  Name: BasicAuth error
//  Priority: 100
//  Type: error

// See snippet_basic_auth_recv.vcl for installation instructions
//


# If status code is a 401, a synthetic HTML page with this error is served to the user.
if (obj.status == 401) {
  set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";
  set obj.http.WWW-Authenticate = "Basic realm=MYREALM";
  synthetic {"
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
    <HTML>
    <HEAD>
      <TITLE>Error</TITLE>
      <META HTTP-EQUIV='Content-Type' CONTENT='text/html;'>
    </HEAD>
    <BODY><H1>401 Unauthorized (Fastly)</H1></BODY>
   </HTML>
  "};
  return (deliver);
}

In snippet_basic_auth_recv.vcl:

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// This code should be added as a snippet in your config:
//  Name: BasicAuth recv
//  Priority: 100
//  Type: recv
//
// Fastly CLI:
// - fastly vcl snippet create --name="BasicAuth recv" --version=active --autoclone --priority 100 --type recv --content=snippet_basic_auth_recv.vcl
// - fastly vcl snippet create --name="BasicAuth error" --version=latest --priority 100 --type error --content=snippet_basic_auth_error.vcl
// - fastly service-version activate --version=latest


declare local var.credential STRING;
declare local var.username STRING;
declare local var.password STRING;
declare local var.result STRING;

# Basic auth is checked on edge nodes only. The logic below makes sure that it is only run at the edge.
if (fastly.ff.visits_this_service == 0 && req.restarts == 0) {
  if (req.http.Authorization ~ "(?i)^Basic ([a-z0-9_=]+)$") {
    set var.credential = digest.base64_decode(re.group.1);
    set var.username = if(var.credential ~ "^(.+?):.+$", re.group.1, "");
    set var.password = if(var.credential ~ "^.+?:(.+)$", re.group.1, "");
    set var.result = table.lookup(basicauth, var.username, "NOTFOUND");

    if (var.result == "NOTFOUND") {
      error 401 "Restricted";
    } else if (var.result != var.password) {
      error 401 "Restricted";
    }
    # The Auth header is unset to avoid exposing it as a response header.
    unset req.http.Authorization;
    set req.http.Auth-User = var.username;
  } else {
    error 401 "Restricted";
  }
}

To enable basic-auth for one domain only, alter snippet_basic_auth_recv.vcl:

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-if (fastly.ff.visits_this_service == 0 && req.restarts == 0 &&) {
+if (fastly.ff.visits_this_service == 0 && req.restarts == 0 && req.http.host == "example.com") {

Install the snippets with the following Fastly CLI command:

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fastly vcl snippet create --name="BasicAuth recv" --version=active --autoclone --priority 100 --type recv --content=snippet_basic_auth_recv.vcl
fastly vcl snippet create --name="BasicAuth error" --version=latest --priority 100 --type error --content=snippet_basic_auth_error.vcl
fastly service-version activate --version=latest