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Security checklist

When getting ready to go live with your project for the first time, or when re-launching it, make sure that your setup is secure.

Caution

Security is an ongoing process. After going live, you should pay attention to security advisories released via your service portal, or via Security advisories if you're not a subscriber.

Ibexa DXP

Carefully select admin users

Make sure Admin users and other privileged users who have access to System Information and setup in the back end are vetted and fully trustworthy.

As administrator you have access to full information about the system through the setup/system_info policy, and also to user data, role editing, and many other critical aspects.

The users in your organization who have backend access must be kept up-to-date. Any user leaving the organization must be disabled without delay. If a user takes on a new role in the organization, any required role changes for them in Ibexa DXP must also be made as soon as possible.

Strong passwords

Enforce strong passwords for all users. This is specially important for admin accounts and other privileged users.

• Never go online with admin password set to publish or any other default value.
• Introduce password quality checks. Make sure the checks are strict enough (length/complexity).
• 16 characters is a quite secure minimum length. Don't go below 10.
• If using Ibexa DXP v4.5 or newer, enable the password rule that rejects any password which has been exposed in a public breach.

Password rules

See setting up password rules.

Protect against brute force attacks

Consider introducing a measure against brute force login attacks, like CAPTCHA. Adjust timeout limits to your needs:

When using the "forgot password" feature, a token is created which expires if the user doesn't click the password reset link that gets mailed to them in time. The time before it expires is set in the parameter ezsettings.default.security.token_interval_spec. By nature this feature must be available to users before they have logged in, including would-be attackers. If an attacker uses this feature with someone else's email address, the attacker doesn't receive the email. But they could still try to guess the password reset link. That's why this interval should be as short as possible. 5 minutes is often enough.

This timeout is entered as a PHP DateInterval duration string. The forgot password feature defaults to "PT1H" (one hour).

Disable Varnish when using Fastly

If you're using Fastly, disable Varnish. See Security advisory: EZSA-2020-002.

Block upload of unwanted file types

The ezsettings.default.io.file_storage.file_type_blacklist setting is defined in the config file src/bundle/Core/Resources/config/default_settings.yml in the Core bundle. It prevents uploading files that might be executed on the server, a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability. The setting lists filename extensions for files that shouldn't be uploaded. Attempting to upload files from the list results in an error message. There are also other safety measures in place, like using the web server configuration to block execution of uploaded scripts, see the next point.

You should adapt this list to your needs. svg images are blocked because they may contain JavaScript code. If you opt to allow them, make sure you take steps to mitigate the risk.

The default list of blocked file types contains: hta htm html jar js jse pgif phar php php3 php4 php5 phps phpt pht phtml svg swf xhtm xhtml.

Use secure password hashing

Use the most secure supported password hashing method. This is currently bcrypt, and it's enabled by default.

Use secure roles and policies

Use the following checklist to ensure the roles and policies are secure:

• Do roles restrict read/write access to content as they should? Is read/write access to personal data, like User content items, properly restricted?
• Are the roles and their use properly differentiated and restricted? Is an editor role used for everyday editorial work?
• Is the admin role used only for high-level administrative work? Is the number of people with admin access properly restricted and vetted?
• Should people be allowed to create new user accounts themselves? Should such accounts be enabled by default, or require vetting by admins?
• Is the role of self-created new users restricted as intended?
• Is there a clear role separation between the organisation's internal and external users?
• Is access to user data properly restricted, in accordance with GDPR?
• Is access to Form Builder uploads managed properly? Files uploaded with the Form Builder are accessible to any user by default. If this doesn't suit you, restrict access to the Form Uploads folder.

Don't use "hide" for read access restriction

The visibility switcher is a convenient feature for withdrawing content from the frontend. It acts as a filter in the frontend by default. You can choose to respect it or ignore it in your code. It isn't permission-based, and doesn't restrict read access to content. Hidden content can be read through other means, like the REST API or GraphQL.

If you need to restrict read access to a given content item, you could create a role that grants read access for a given Section or Object State, and set a different section or object State for the given content. Or use other permission-based Limitations.

Minimize exposure

Security should be a multi-layered exercise. It's wise to minimize what features you make available to the world, even if there are no known or suspected vulnerabilities in those features, and even if your content is properly protected by roles and policies. Reduce your attack surface by exposing only what you must.

• If possible, make the back office unavailable on the open internet.
• Symfony FOSJsRoutingBundle is required in those releases where it's included, to expose routes to JavaScript. It exposes only the required routes, nothing more. It's only required in the back office SiteAccess though, so you can consider blocking it in other SiteAccesses. You should also go through your own custom routes, and decide for each if you need to expose them or not. See the documentation on YAML route definitions for exposure.

• By default, a Powered-By header is set. It specifies what version of the DXP is running. For example, x-powered-by: Ibexa Experience v4. This doesn't expose anything that couldn't be detected through other means. But if you wish to obscure this, you can either omit the version number, or disable the header entirely by setting enabled: false.

  ezplatform_support_tools:
    system_info:
      powered_by:
        # major => v4 || minor => v4.6 || none
        release: major
        # true || false
        enabled: false
  

• Consider whether certain interfaces must be left available on the open internet. For example:

  • The /search and /graphql endpoints
  • The REST API endpoints

Access control

One way to lock down an endpoint that should not be openly available is to restrict access to logged-in users, by using the access_control feature. In your YAML configuration, under the security key, add an entry similar to the following one, which redirects requests to a login page:

security:
    access_control:
        - { path: ^/search, roles: ROLE_USER}

Symfony

APP_SECRET and other secrets

APP_SECRET needs to be a strong, random, securely stored value. This applies also to other secrets that may be in use, like the Varnish invalidate token, the JWT passphrase, and any other application-specific secrets.

• Don't use a default value like ff6dc61a329dc96652bb092ec58981f7 or ThisTokenIsNotSoSecretChangeIt.
• The secret must be secured against unwanted access. Don't commit the value to a version control system. There are several ways of handling it, like with enviroment variables or files like .env.local. Files are considered more secure. If you store the secrets in files, make sure to add those files to .gitignore or similar, so they will never be committed to version control systems.
• The secret must be long enough. 32 characters is minimum, longer is better.

Tip

The following command generates a 64-character-long secure random value:

php -r "print bin2hex(random_bytes(32));"

Note

On Ibexa Cloud, if APP_SECRET isn't set, the system sets it to PLATFORM_PROJECT_ENTROPY

Symfony production mode

Only expose Symfony production mode openly on the internet. Don't expose the dev mode on the internet, otherwise you may disclose things like phpinfo and environment variables.

For more information about securing Symfony-based systems, see Authentication and authorisation, more on this subject, and secrets management system, all from Symfony.

PHP

Enable zend.exception_ignore_args in PHP 7.4 and newer

PHP 7.4 introduced the zend.exception_ignore_args setting in php.ini. The default value is 0 (disabled) for backwards compatibility. On production sites, this should be set to 1 (enabled) to ensure that stack traces don't include arguments passed to functions. Such arguments could include passwords or other sensitive information. You should also make sure that no stack trace is ever visible to end users of production sites. Visible arguments are unsafe even if the stack traces only show up in log files.

Disable error output from PHP

Symfony in production mode prevents exception messages from being visible to end users. However, if Symfony fails to boot properly, such exceptions may end up being visible, including stack traces. This can be prevented by disabling error message output in PHP. The following php.ini configuration values should be used on production sites. When using Ibexa Cloud, the same settings can be configured in Ibexa DXP's .platform.app.yaml file.

display_errors          = Off
display_startup_errors  = Off

Other PHP settings

Consider what other security related settings are relevant for your needs. The OWASP PHP Configuration Cheat Sheet contains several recommendations.

For more information, see PHP's own security manual.

Web server

Block execution of scripts in var directory

Make sure that the web server blocks the execution of PHP files and other scripts in the var directory. See the line below # Disable .php(3) and other executable extensions in the var directory in the example virtual host files for Apache and Nginx, provided in the installation documentation.

Security headers

There are a number of security related HTTP response headers that you can use to improve your security. Headers must be adapted to the site in question, and in most cases it's site owner's responsibility. The headers can be set either by the web server, or by a proxy like Varnish. You can also set headers in PHP code by making a Symfony RequestListener for the kernel.response event and adding the header to the response object headers list.

You most likely need to vary the security headers based on the SiteAccess in question and site implementation details, such as frontend code and libraries used.

• Strict-Transport-Security - ensures that all requests are sent over HTTPS, with no fallback to HTTP. All production sites should use HTTPS and this header unless they have particular needs. This header is less important during development provided that the site is on an internal, protected network.
• X-Frame-Options - ensures that the site isn't embedded in a frame by a compliant browser. Set the header to SAMEORIGIN to allow embedding by your own site, or DENY to block framing completely.
• X-Content-Type-Options - prevents the browser from second-guessing the mime-type of delivered content. This header is less important if users cannot upload content and/or you trust your editors. However, it's safer to use it at all times. Make sure that the Content-Type header is also correctly set, including for the top-level document, to avoid issues with HTML documents being downloaded while they should be rendered.
• Content-Security-Policy - blocks cross site scripting (XSS) attacks by setting an allowlist (whitelist) of resources to be loaded for a given page. You can set separate lists for scripts, images, fonts, and more. For experimentation and testing, you can use Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only before activating the actual policy.
• Referrer-Policy - limits what information is sent from the previous page or site when navigating to a new page or site. This header has several directives for fine-tuning the referrer information.
• Permissions-Policy - limits what features the browser can use, such as fullscreen, notifications, location, camera, or microphone. For example, if someone succeeds in injecting their JavaScript into your site, this header prevents them from using those features to attack your users.

Disable weak cipher suites in TLS

Consider blocking the use of TLS 1.2 and older versions. The newer TLS 1.3 doesn't include the weaker cipher suites that are included in 1.2 and older. Removing them means that attackers can't attempt to force other users to use weak ciphers and eavesdrop on their communications. As of December 2024, TLS 1.3 is supported by ca. 97% of global internet users. If you need to support Internet Explorer or old versions of other browsers, you can disable TLS 1.1 and older, leaving 1.2 and 1.3 enabled.

When using Ibexa Cloud, you can set the minimum TLS version in .platform/routes.yaml.

Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)

HSTS forces clients to always communicate with your site over HTTPS. Most browsers support this, and there is no downside for browsers that don't. Read the requirements and instructions at hstspreload.org before you enable HSTS. Make sure to also include subdomains by means of the includeSubDomains setting.

When using Ibexa Cloud, you can configure HSTS in .platform/routes.yaml.

Beware if you are using a Varnish proxy: Your version of Varnish may not support HTTPS connections with your web server. If so, make sure to only enable HSTS between your public-facing proxy and the clients. When using Ibexa Cloud, this is handled automatically.

Domain

Enable Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

DNSSEC is a DNS feature that authenticates responses to DNS requests. It protects against DNS poisoning attacks, which is when an attacker manipulates the reponses to DNS requests with the goal of directing users to an IP address the attacker controls. Enabling DNSSEC involves creating the DNSSEC records in your domain, activating DNSSEC with your domain registrar, and enabling DNSSEC signature validation on all DNS servers. Read more on DNSSEC on ICANN's website.

Enable domain update/delete protection

Domain update/delete protection is a DNS setting that makes it harder for an attacker to take over a domain from the real owner, or hinder availability for users. You can enable this protection at your domain registrar's site. Log in to their site to enable these protection settings and save the new configuration.

Enable Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA)

CAA allows domain owners to specify which Certificate Authorities (CAs) are permitted to issue SSL/TLS certificates for their domain. This prevents attackers from having certificates issued for domains they don't own, hindering some types of attack. CAA is configured in your DNS zone file.

Database

Use UTF8MB4 with MySQL/MariaDB

If you're using MySQL/MariaDB, use the UTF8MB4 database character set and related collation. The older UTF8 can lead to truncation with 4-byte characters, like some emoji, which may have unpredictable side effects.

See Change from UTF8 to UTF8MB4.

Secure access

Secure the database access with strong passwords, keys, firewall, encryption in transit, encryption at rest, and so on, as needed. When using Ibexa Cloud, the provider handles this.

Underlying stack

To avoid exposing your application to any DDOS vulnerabilities or other yet unknown security threats, make sure that you do the following:

• Avoid exposing servers on the open internet when not strictly required.
• Ensure any servers, services, ports, and virtual hosts that were opened for testing purposes are shut down before going live.
• Ensure file system permissions are set up in such a way that the web server or PHP user can't access files they shouldn't be able to read.

Those steps aren't needed when using Ibexa Cloud, where the provider handles them.

Track dependencies

• Run servers on a recent operating system and install security patches for dependencies.
• Configure servers to alert you about security updates from vendors. Pay special attention to dependencies used by your project directly, or by PHP. The provider of the operating system usually has a service for this.
• Enable GitHub Dependabot to receive notifications when a security fix is released in a GitHub-hosted dependency.
• If you're not using GitHub for your project, you can create a dummy project on GitHub with the same dependencies as your real project, and enable Dependabot notifications for that.
• Ensure you get notifications about security fixes in JavaScript dependencies.

Monitor logs

• Enable logging for Ibexa DXP, the web server, any frontend proxies, and the database.
• Monitor the logs for unusual and suspicious activity. Consider using log monitoring software to make this easier.
• Consider using different accounts for manual administrative tasks and for the day-to-day running of your installation. You could for instance configure Ibexa DXP to use a different database user than the one you use during upgrades. This can make it easier to filter out noise in your log monitoring solution.